Introduction To Information Technology

Introduction To Information Technology





Introduction To Computer System


The word computer is derived from the Latin word " Computare or Compute ". Compute means just to calculate. So, According to this definition " Computer is a machine which takes input from the users , process these inputs and finally provide output."

The working Principle of Computer


Characteristics of computer

  • Word Length
  • Speed
  • Accuracy
  • Storage
  • Versatility
  • Diligence
  • Automatic
  • Electronic

Application of Computers

  1. Science & Technology
  2. Commerce & Industry
  3. Medical
  4. Engineering
  5. Weather forecasting
  6. Astronomy
  7. Defense
  8. Hotel management
  9. Artificial Intelligent
  10. Simulation or Modeling
  11. Word Processing
  12. Spread sheet

Classification or Types of Computer

On the basis of it's size or capacity, work or operation, model & brand, computer can be divided into four parts:

On the basis of its size or capacity 

  • Mainframe computer
  • Mini computer
  • Micro computer
  • Super computer

On the basis of its work or capacity:

  • Digital computer
  • Analog computer
  • Hybrid computer

  • IBM PC
  • IBM Compatible
  • Apple/Macintosh
On the basis of Model:

  • XT(Extended Technology) computer
  • AT (Advanced Technology)computer
  • PS/2(Personal System/2) computer

Generation of computer:


Generation means step in technology. It provides a  framework for the growth of computer industry. There  are five computer generations known till today.
  • First generation(1940-1956): Vaccum tube
  • Second generation(1956-1963): Transistor
  • Third generation(1964-1971):Integrated Circuits
  • Fourth generation(1971-present or 1989 or 1990):  Microprocessor
  • Fifth generation(Beyond & Present or 1989 – Present):  Bio chips or AI

History and Development of Computers

Early Computing Machines:
  1. Abacus
  2. Leibnitz Arithmetic Machine 
  3. Pascaline (Pascal Arithmetic Machine)
  4. Charles Babbage’s Analytical and Difference Engine
  5. Hollerith Punch Card Machine 

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